一行代码干掉 debug 和 print，助力算法学习

在写算法的时候，总是要每行每个变量一个个的 debug，有时候还要多写几个 print，一道算法题要花好长时间才能理解。pysnooper 模块可以把在运行中变量值都给打印出来。

模块安装

1	pip3 install pysnooper

简单例子

下面是道简单的力扣算法题作为一个简单的例子

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import pysnooper @pysnooper.snoop() def longestCommonPrefix(strs): res = '' for i in zip(*strs): print(i) if len(set(i)) == 1: res += i[0] else break return res if __name__ == 'main': longestCommonPrefix(["flower","flow","flight"])

结果：

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3:38:25.863579 call 4 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): 23:38:25.864474 line 5 res = '' New var:....... res = '' 23:38:25.864474 line 6 for i in zip(*strs): New var:....... i = ('f', 'f', 'f') 23:38:25.865479 line 7 print(i) ('f', 'f', 'f') 23:38:25.866471 line 8 if len(set(i))==1: 23:38:25.866471 line 9 res+=i[0] Modified var:.. res = 'f' 23:38:25.866471 line 6 for i in zip(*strs): Modified var:.. i = ('l', 'l', 'l') 23:38:25.866471 line 7 print(i) ('l', 'l', 'l') 23:38:25.867468 line 8 if len(set(i))==1: 23:38:25.867468 line 9 res+=i[0] Modified var:.. res = 'fl' 23:38:25.868476 line 6 for i in zip(*strs): Modified var:.. i = ('o', 'o', 'i') 23:38:25.868476 line 7 print(i) ('o', 'o', 'i') 23:38:25.869463 line 8 if len(set(i))==1: 23:38:25.869463 line 11 break 23:38:25.869463 line 12 return res 23:38:25.869463 return 12 return res Return value:.. 'fl' Elapsed time: 00:00:00.008201

我们可以看到 pysnooper 把整个执行程序都记录了下来，其中包括行号， 行内容，变量的结果等情况，我们很容易的就看懂了这个算法的真实情况。并且不需要再使用 debug 和 print 调试代码。很是省时省力，只需要再方法上面加一行 @pysnooper.snoop()。

复杂使用

pysnooper 包含了多个参数，一起来看看吧

output

output 默认输出到控制台，设置后输出到文件，在服务器中运行的时候，特定的时间出现代码问题就很容易定位错误了，不然容易抓瞎。小编在实际中已经被这种问题困扰了好几次，每次都掉好多头发。

1 2	@pysnooper.snoop('D:\pysnooper.log') def longestCommonPrefix(strs):

示例结果:

watch 和 watch_explode

watch 用来设置跟踪的非局部变量，watch_explode 表示设置的变量都不监控，只监控没设置的变量，正好和 watch 相反。

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index = 1 @pysnooper.snoop(watch=('index')) def longestCommonPrefix(strs):

示例结果

没有加 watch 参数

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Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight'] 00:12:33.715367 call 5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): 00:12:33.717324 line 7 res = '' New var:....... res = ''

加了watch 参数，就会有一个 Starting var:.. index

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Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight'] Starting var:.. index = 1 00:10:35.151036 call 5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): 00:10:35.151288 line 7 res = '' New var:....... res = ''

depth

depth 监控函数的深度

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@pysnooper.snoop(depth=2) def longestCommonPrefix(strs): otherMethod()

示例结果

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Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight'] 00:20:54.059803 call 5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): 00:20:54.059803 line 6 otherMethod() 00:20:54.060785 call 16 def otherMethod(): 00:20:54.060785 line 17 x = 1 New var:....... x = 1 00:20:54.060785 line 18 x = x + 1 Modified var:.. x = 2 00:20:54.060785 return 18 x = x + 1 Return value:.. None 00:20:54.061782 line 7 res = ''

监控的结果显示，当监控到调用的函数的时候，记录上会加上缩进，并将它的局部变量和返回值打印处理。

prefix

prefix 输出内容的前缀

1 2	@pysnooper.snoop(prefix='-------------') def longestCommonPrefix(strs):

示例结果

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-------------Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight'] -------------00:39:13.986741 call 5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): -------------00:39:13.987218 line 6 res = ''

relative_time

relative_time 代码运行的时间

1 2	@pysnooper.snoop(relative_time=True) def longestCommonPrefix(strs):

示例结果

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Starting var:.. strs = ['flower', 'flow', 'flight'] 00:00:00.000000 call 5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): 00:00:00.001998 line 6 res = '' New var:....... res = '' 00:00:00.001998 line 7 for i in zip(*strs):

max_variable_length

max_variable_length 输出的变量和异常的最大长度，默认是 100 个字符，超过 100 个字符就会被截断，可以设置为 max_variable_length=None 不截断输出

1 2	@pysnooper.snoop(max_variable_length=5) def longestCommonPrefix(strs):

示例结果

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Starting var:.. strs = [...] 00:56:44.343639 call 5 def longestCommonPrefix(strs): 00:56:44.344696 line 6 res = '' New var:....... res = '' 00:56:44.344696 line 7 for i in zip(*strs): New var:....... i = (...)

总结

本文介绍了怎么使用 pysnooper 工具，pysnooper 不仅可以少一些 debug 和 print，更能帮助理解算法题。